GSEE becomes unionized.
KKE faces factions within its structure.
Trotsky is exiled from the USSR. Bukharin and his group are indicted and condemned.
Purges in the Communist parties of France and Czechoslovakia.
King Alexander of Yugoslavia imposes a dictatorship.
1930
GSEE is dissolved according to the provisions of the Idiônymon.
Armed revolt in Indonesia.
German reparations to countries that suffered from German aggression during the First World War.
Gandhi leads the opposition to colonial power in India.
Civil war in China intensifies.
1931
The Communist International pleads with the KKE for unity. The Central Committee of the KKE is replaced, and Nikos Zachariadis becomes secretary general.
Rizospastis is closed down after it uncovers scandals that involve the minister of justice. It resurfaces as Neos Rizospastis.
Arson at the Campbell Jewish settlement in Thessaloniki. On June 29, Greek Christian refugees from Asia Minor after the exchange of populations attack the Jewish quarters. Five hundred Jewish families are left homeless.
The Communist Party of Malaysia is established.
Spain becomes a republic.
Demonstrations in Cyprus against British rule.
Acute economic crisis in Germany and Austria. Devaluation of the English pound.
1932
Strike by railroad workers, bakery workers, motorists (taxi and bus drivers), and the employees of the gas company in Athens. University student movement.
The Venizelos government introduces the institution of social security (later IKA).
Elections. Panagis Tsaldares forms a government. Ten Communists are voted into Parliament. Economic crisis and financial bankruptcy in Greece.
Great famine in the USSR.
Strikes in Berlin and Belgium.
Kamenev and Zinoviev are exiled.
Conference of Lausanne, in which Great Britain, Germany, and France agreed to halt reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.
National Socialists win the elections in Germany.
Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes President of the United States.
Mahatma Gandhi leads the movement of civil disobedience in India.
1933
Hitler becomes chancellor in Germany. Dissolution of political parties and persecution of Communists and Jews.
Major demonstrations in Thessaloniki meet with brutal repression by the police. Many are wounded.
Elections in Greece. Second murder attempt against Venizelos. Tsaldares forms a government again. Plasteras attempts a coup d'état but fails.
Burning of the Reichstag. Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian Communist and leader of the Central European section of the Comintern, is arrested in Berlin and accused of arson. During his trial at Leipzig, he delivers a defense that obligates Germany to drop the charges.
The Communist Party of Germany is pronounced illegal.
Antifascist workers' conference in France, in which many intellectuals participate.
Germany and Japan withdraw from the League of Nations.
New Deal in the United States.
Dictatorship in Austria.
1934
Sixth Plenum of the KKE underlines the “bourgeois-democratic” nature of revolution.
Municipal elections produce Communist mayors in Kavala and Serres (Macedonia and Thrace).
Balkan agreement on collaboration and mutual respect for treaties and established borders among Greece, Yugoslavia, Romania, and Turkey on February 9.
Hitler declares himself Führer. Coups d'états in Bulgaria, Cuba, and Austria.
The USSR joins the League of Nations.
Coal miners in Asturias revolt against the Spanish government. A commune is formed. On October 18, the revolutionaries surrender, and the commune is crushed by General Franco. More than two thousand workers die and over thirty thousand are jailed.